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Antimicrobial Name： Neomycin (Mycifradin, Neo-Fradin)
CAS Number： 1404-04-2
Type of Antibiotic： Aminoglycosides
Origin： Fermentation
Functional Category： Antibiotic
Molecular Weight： 614.644
Mechanism of Action： Aminoglycosides like neomycin “irreversibly” bind to specific 30S-subunit proteins and 16S rRNA. Specifically neomycin binds to four nucleotides of 16S rRNA and a single amino acid of protein S12. This interferes with decoding site in the vicinity of nucleotide 1400 in 16S rRNA of 30S subunit. This region interacts with the wobble base in the anticodon of tRNA. This leads to interference with the initiation complex, misreading of mRNA so incorrect amino acids are inserted into the polypeptide leading to nonfunctional or toxic peptides and the breakup of polysomes into nonfunctional monosomes.
Chemical Formula：

C23H46N6O13
Solubility：

Neomycin complex is an amorphous base sol in water, methanol and acidified alcohol. Practically insol in common organic solvents. Solns up to 250 mg/ml H2O may be prepared.
Resistance Genes：

neo1:ATPase that leads to neomycin-resistant protein when overexpressed

aacC: aminoglycoside N3\'-acetyltransferase, The enzyme can use a range of antibiotics with 2-deoxystreptamine rings as acceptor for its acetyltransferase activity, this inactivates and confers resistance to gentamicin, kanamycin, tobramycin, neomycin and apramycin amongst others.

aac3iii: Aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase, which modifies aminoglycosides by acetylation.

aac3ix: Aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase, which modifies aminoglycosides by acetylation.

aac3viii: Aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase, which modifies aminoglycosides by acetylation.

aph3ia: Aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase, which modifies aminoglycosides by phosphorylation.

aph3ib: Aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase, which modifies aminoglycosides by phosphorylation.

aph3ic: Aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase, which modifies aminoglycosides by phosphorylation.

aph3iia: butirosin gentamincin_b kanamycin neomycin paromomycin ribostamycin

aph3iiia: Aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase, which modifies aminoglycosides by phosphorylation.

aph3iva: Aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase, which modifies aminoglycosides by phosphorylation.

aph3va: Aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase, which modifies aminoglycosides by phosphorylation.

aph3vb: Aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase, which modifies aminoglycosides by phosphorylation.

aph3via: Aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase, which modifies aminoglycosides by phosphorylation.

aph3viia: Aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase, which modifies aminoglycosides by phosphorylation.
Comments：

Neomycin (Mycifradin, Neo-Fradin) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that is found in many topical medications such as creams, ointments, and eyedrops.